Types of fabrics for clothing

The quality of clothes depends on two things: competent sewing and good fabric. It is the fabric that determines the purpose of the thing, we are guided first of all when choosing clothes: warm or light, woolen or silk, synthetic or natural.

Natural fabrics - all those materials in the manufacture of which used natural raw materials. No matter what - vegetable, mineral or animal. All fabrics made from this material are very durable, environmentally friendly, do not cause allergies. In addition, they tolerate a combination with artificial fibers, resulting in very strong and durable combinations. Tissues from natural plant materials include flax, cotton, jute, hemp linen, canopy, quilted fabrics.

Linen fabrics are made from vegetable raw materials. Natural flax is the stalks of a flax plant. Now it is quite difficult to find flax fabrics in pure form on sale. Natural flax is very wrinkled and flaking at the edges, in addition, it is quite easily frayed. Therefore, in the industrial production of flax has long been mixed with artificial additives, which allows to achieve higher characteristics of the fabric. However, until now natural flax is used in medicine, some surgical threads are made of it. A feature of this fabric are antiseptic properties.

Cotton fabrics are made of cotton boxes, which are the fruits of cotton tree, reaching a height of 7 meters. In nature, there are 32 varieties of wild plants of cotton and only 6 cultivated. The most expensive fabrics are made from Egyptian cotton. American is valued less, so cheaper. Cotton fabrics include velor, poplin, footer, chintz, velvet, denim, flannel, artificial suede, interlock, velvet, cooler, calico, satin, batiste.

Silk fabrics are of animal origin because they are produced from silkworm cocoons. To get a pound of silk you need about three thousand cocoons. Silk is so strong that fabric folded in 16 layers cannot be shot through with a magnum bullet. Silk is hypoallergenic, saprophytes do not start there. Silk burns only in the presence of a source of fire, if you remove it, the fabric stops burning. When burning, the threads smell burnt and do not curl, but crumble to ashes. The group of silk fabrics includes satin, chiffon, crepe fabric.

Wool Fabrics (felt, batting, drape, tweed, felt, boucle, etc.) are made from the wool of sheep, camels, goats. Wool fabrics are believed to contribute to faster wound healing due to the high lanolin content. If the fabric is marked "natural wool", then the percentage of other fibers does not exceed 7 units. Wool fabric is resistant to fire.

Artificial fabrics are made from natural substances. It would seem impossible to make a cloth out of glass, metal, stones, but scientists have learned how to process such material into cloth. All known and many favorite fabric of artificial fibers - viscose. Also here are fabrics with lurex and metallized threads.

Synthetic fabrics completely composed of polymers. There is nothing natural in them. These include polyamide fabrics (capron, nylon), polyester (microfiber, polyester, polyester), polyvinyl chloride (tent cloth, canvas for tents), polyurethane (elastane, spandex and lycra), acrylic, polypropylene (for the manufacture of thermal underwear). The weed fabric and nonwoven fabrics (needle-punched) look very interesting.

Each fabric has its own purpose for tailoring: you will not sew an evening dress from a tarpaulin, silk is not suitable for a tent.

Fabrics for working clothes. Mainly synthetic fabrics are used for tailoring of special purposes, however natural fabric is chosen for underwear and soldier's uniform. Requirements for workwear fabrics:

• high dirt-repellent properties;
• hygiene (especially for medical clothing);
• should wash well and dry quickly;
• clothes must breathe;
• have a high wear resistance class;
• comply with GOST;
• have low flammability.

For a number of occupations, the workwear fabric must additionally be resistant to acids, alkalis, high temperatures and be waterproof. For the production of such clothing used twill (100% cotton or with some admixture of synthetic fiber), yew (mixed polyester 65% and 35% cotton), moleskin (fabric with increased resistance to dust, its weaving is so thick that they sew overalls for milling and asbestos enterprises. Moleskine protects the skin from radiation and biologically active substances), cloth (used for welders' clothes, because it reliably protects the skin from sparks and metal drops) Ha atov, tarpaulins (for gloves and bags).

For evening and festive dresses, elite and often exclusive fabrics are selected. Usually it is a mixed type of fabric or natural silk fabrics. And the thing is not that cotton fabric looks too simple, the fact is that evening dresses have certain styles that require a certain fabric. For an evening dress with a flared skirt fit moire, because the fabric will lay down beautiful folds. If such a dress is sewn from a staple, the skirt will hang and look untidy.

Curtains and another kit on the windows sewn from curtain fabric. It is a heavy, often synthetic fabric that drapes well into the folds, while keeping its shape, it is easy to wash and dries quickly. In Europe, the curtain fabric is made of polyester, the Chinese-made fabric is mainly nylon. Often the fabric is treated with compositions that increase resistance to pollution. Natural wool and velvet curtains are treated with moth formulations. Usually, jacquard, taffeta, satin, less often satin are used to remove curtains.

For tourist equipment has its own type of fabric. It is necessarily water-repellent, bright, windproof, resistant to high temperatures. Polypropylene fabrics are used for thermal underwear, they have very loose weaving due to which moisture comes out and the body remains dry inside.

Tents are made of polyester fabric impregnated with polyurethane, silicone.

Fabrics can be classified by season, because each of them has certain properties that allow a person to feel comfortable in clothes all year round.

• Winter. The winter season requires good heat retention from the fabric. That is why the main criterion for winter things - naturalness. Cashmere is a fine woolen fabric made from goat fluff, possibly merino. It is very warm and at the same time light, well lying. Cashmere sweaters and dresses are very resistant to wear, they do not stretch, do not roll, are worn for years. Since cashmere is very expensive wool, it is usually for winter clothes that are selected fabrics with some percentage of cashmere. This is enough to make the thing much warmer and more pleasant to the body.

Other woolen fabrics: tweed, boucle, jersey, the list can be continued, intended for sewing warm skirts, trousers, suits for the winter.

Fleece - 100% synthetic fabric, but it is indispensable as a winter clothing for athletes.

• Spring. Spring fabrics are divided into two types: for early spring and for late. For early spring, wool is also required, from which demi-season coats are sewn. Very popular skin and fabric "under the skin." Their them are made jackets and raincoats. Mixed fabrics are used for sweaters, sweatshirts, and shirts.

• Summer - time of natural silk, flax and cotton. Synthetic fabrics that do not drain moisture can not be worn in the heat, because of this the body overheats even more. Silk has excellent breathability, so it is not felt on the body. It absorbs sweat well and dries instantly. Silk almost immediately acquires the temperature of your body. Silk tissue allows the skin to regenerate faster, so there will never be scuffs on the body. Silk items remain as new for years.

• Autumn. Autumn time is characterized by frequent rains and winds, so the main properties of fabrics - impermeability and impermeability. It turns out that waterproof fabrics can be made from ordinary linen and cotton. The main secret is the impregnation of polymers, which give the fabric a new property. It is very convenient to produce such fabrics from polyester or nylon (oxword, jordan, taffeta). If you need lighter and more elastic clothing, then choose things from an oxvord made of nylon. However, these tissues have their drawback - the lack of air permeability, which prevents oxygen from passing inwards to the skin.

Reflective fabrics are used to make children's autumn clothes.

To make the outfit look as impressive as possible, you need to remember some rules.

Not only silk fabrics (chiffon, silk, satin, organza), but also velvet, satin, crepe de chine and crepe will be well combined with lace fabrics - guipure, lace, but also velvet, satin, crepe de chine and crepe.

Satin fabrics are very fastidious in combinations, they “work” only in combination with velvet, chiffon, organza and lace.

Velvet goes well with fur, satin, satin and other shiny fabrics. Very interesting and bold combination with denim, but it should be used with caution.

Knitted jersey is a very popular fabric, it looks great with leather, suede, jeans. For courageous women can be combined with lace and silk.

Denim is rarely combined with denim. Wearing jeans and a denim jacket in one ensemble is not worth it. It is better to choose a product made of leather, velvet, knitwear. Good combinations arise with cloth, tweed, drape, jacquard and even tapestry.

Taffeta looks great with noble fabrics, combined with jacquard, velvet, as well as with poplin.

Silk comes in a good combination with chiffon fabric and all other fabrics of the silk group. Can be combined with velvet and even jersey.

Chiffon - light and flying fabric, which is combined with almost any other. If 10 years ago it could only be combined with a material similar to it, now heavy fabrics are used to compose the ensemble: velvet, leather, and jeans. But traditional combinations with satin, organza and lace are still relevant.

Fabric is made not only in the traditional way, but also very original. For example, as a novelty - fabric from a can. The patent for fabric fabric Fabrican belongs to Manuel Torres. It consists of dissolved cotton threads inside a spray bottle. They freeze in the air, and the process of making clothes happens like this: cloth is sprayed onto the body in as many layers as necessary.Instead of the body, you can use a blank. Things from such a high-quality fabric can be washed as regular cotton, they have all the properties of cotton fabric. However, if you do not like what happened, the fabric is easy to dissolve with the same composition with which it is driven into the can.

Alcantara - self-adhesive fabric, which is made of polyester fiber non-woven. Superficially resembles faux suede. In the process of manufacturing the fabric is covered with polyurethane, and the inner surface is treated with abrasive. This fabric is easily cleaned, highly resistant to sunlight, breathable and very resistant to physical effects. It is used as an upholstery material, including the upholstery of the car.

Rubberized fabrics are used for the manufacture of clothing and raincoats. They are of two types: single-layer (rubber layer) and multi-layer (rubber layer is located between two layers of another fabric). Cotton and even silk are taken as the basis for such a fabric, and “heavy” fabric is usually chosen for the upper layer. For all its strength, rubberized fabric has one major drawback - airtightness.

The names of fabrics there are a great many, let's focus on the most popular.

Cotton fabrics: calico, satin, chintz. The chintz is a light fabric of low density plain weave, which is used for sewing bed linen and shirts. It can be dyed, bleached or printed. Coarse calico - dense plain weave fabric. Calico is painted, stuffed or white - canvas. Underwear is sewn from white coarse, plain-colored is used for linings to outerwear. Satin is a shiny fabric, dense, with thicker yarn threads. It is made of linen, bed linen, lining. Very durable and wear resistant.

Linen Fabrics: bed, linen, furniture, costume, special purpose. All of them are called "flax". Linen fabrics are more delicate, have jacquard weave. Costumes often have in their composition synthetic thread and combined weaving. Special purpose fabrics are used for workwear.

Wool fabric group. Worsted wool - gabardine, crepe, leotard, boston. It has an open weave pattern, a jacquard or linen weave method. Fine wool - drape and cloth - have a closed weave, dried wool closes the pattern of the canvas. Coarse wool loose, dense and coarse.